The report provides data on jail inmates, based on the Annual Survey of Jails and the Census of Jails. It describes the number of persons held in local jails, inmate demographics, jail incarceration rates, conviction status and offense characteristics, the number of admissions to jail, persons supervised outside of jail, jail capacity, and staff employed in local jails. At midyear 2023, local jails held 664,200 persons in custody, similar to midyear 2022 (663,100) and marking a 9% decrease in the inmate population compared to a decade ago (731,200). From July 2022 to June 2023, people admitted to local jails spent an average of 32 days in custody before release, 7 days longer compared to 8 years prior (25 days). In addition, between 2020 and 2023, the number of adults in local jails increased by 21%, while the population of individuals age 65 and over grew disproportionately by 78%.

Studies show that the mere filing of an eviction increases the risk of homelessness and as a result, eviction records can create an obstacle to finding a safe place to live. Eviction record policies are also linked to other economic consequences like employment, hospital visits, and stays at emergency homeless shelters. For example, researchers examining eviction data from Cook County, Illinois and New York City found that “evictions increase homelessness, reduce tenants’ earnings, and impede their access to credit.” To try and lower the risk of homelessness, state legislatures and state courts have recently moved to either seal eviction records or remove them from the court systems, making them impossible to find in general or online in particular. Doing so allows future tenants the opportunity to apply for rentals and to live in secure places. Examples of recent efforts in three states stand out. Maryland—a 2024 law requires district courts to shield all records in eviction proceedings that did not result in the removal of the renter from the property within 60 days of the judgment. Additionally, the law allows cases that led to the removal may be sealed at the discretion of the court when the tenant paid the rent owed in a certain period. In Ohio the Dayton Municipal Court established a new rule to create a process to shield eviction records from public view. According to court officials, this could help thousands of people who were defendants in eviction proceedings to find future housing. The rule allows defendants to apply for sealing, and if approved, their file is removed from the case management system and the court’s website with the physical file is placed in a safe place away from the public. Finally, in Oregon a 2023 law requires courts to set aside and seal past residential evictions in cases that meet certain requirements. These evictions will no longer appear in background checks and, legally, the evictions never happened. As of January 2025, the Oregon judiciary sealed about 47,000 evictions with 50,000 set for review. In the future, eligible cases will be automatically set aside and sealed annually.

Supporting high-quality writing instruction is a priority expressed by the New Mexico Public Education Department. The Write to Succeed is an approach to scaffolded writing instruction that can support all students, but that adds embedded opportunities especially to address the language needs of English learner students. Regional Education Lab (REL) Southwest, part of the federal Institute of Education Sciences,conducted a pilot study in 2023-24 to implement and improve Write to Succeed. The study sample included 22 teachers at five schools in three school districts in New Mexico. The study team collected data through coach logs, teacher surveys, and interviews with coaches and teachers. Coaches and teachers found it hard to participate in all the professional learning activities and needed more support with the materials and using the teaching practices. Despite these challenges, coaches and teachers liked the program. Most teachers used each teaching practice at least once—and found them helpful for students. Over the year, teachers became more confident in teaching literacy and especially in teaching English learner students. The pilot study also found that teacher collaboration remained unchanged.

This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to successfully complete a semester-long undergraduate control systems course. Through evaluation of 115 course deliverables, the research team assess LLM performance using ChatGPT under a "minimal effort" protocol that simulates realistic student usage patterns. The investigation employs a rigorous testing methodology across multiple assessment formats, from auto-graded multiple choice questions to complex Python programming tasks and long-form analytical writing. The research team’s analysis provides quantitative insights into AI's strengths and limitations in handling mathematical formulations, coding challenges, and theoretical concepts in control systems engineering. The LLM achieved a B-grade performance (82.24\%), approaching but not exceeding the class average (84.99\%), with strongest results in structured assignments and greatest limitations in open-ended projects. The findings inform discussions about course design adaptation in response to AI advancement, moving beyond simple prohibition towards thoughtful integration of these tools in engineering education.

Inside Higher Ed has partnered with Hanover Research to conduct its 15th annual Survey of College and University Presidents. The survey was administered in December 2024 through January 3, 2025. A total of 2,882 presidents of public, private nonprofit, and for-profit colleges were invited to participate. Survey results show that most presidents are confident in their institution’s financial stability, with 87% somewhat or strongly agreeing that it will be financially stable over the next five years and 83% over the next 10 years. Two in 10 presidents (19%) say senior leaders at their institution, including governing board members, have had serious internal discussions within the last year about merging with another college or university. Nearly half of presidents (45%) say their institution has updated its campus speech policy or policies within the last 18 months, with public institution presidents especially likely to say so, by sector. Nearly all presidents (88%) say their institution has been able to maintain or increase previous levels of student diversity since the Supreme Court’s decision restricting race conscious admissions in 2023. Half of presidents (51%) somewhat or strongly believe that their institution is responding appropriately and adeptly to the rise of artificial intelligence, while fewer (28%) say the same of higher education as whole. Most presidents say their institution is doing a good or excellent job promoting student health and wellness in multiple areas, including mental health (81%).

The Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Office of Inspector General (OIG), prepared this annual report, covering the period from July 1, 2023, to June 30, 2024, pursuant to the provisions of s. 20.055, Florida Statutes, commonly referred to as the Inspector General Act. The report is organized to reflect the responsibilities, activities, and accomplishments of the OIG. During this reporting period, the OIG completed audit and investigative work. In Fiscal Year 2023-24, the OIG completed five assurance engagements, one consulting engagement, and one special project, evaluating the Division of Food Safety’s Food Establishment Permitting Process policies, procedures, and controls; assessing department controls for compliance with the Florida Cybersecurity Standards; and determining determine if the department has established appropriate internal controls, including policies and procedures, to protect driver license and motor vehicle personal data. In addition, in the same fiscal year, the OIG conducted 930 background reviews and 13 formal investigations concerning various allegations.

Each year, millions of Americans purchase tickets for live entertainment events, such as concerts, theatrical performances, and sporting events. Tickets for live events initially are sold in the primary market, in which firms that provide ticketing services (i.e., ticketers) work directly with venues, promoters, producers, sports teams, and other entities to sell tickets to consumers. Tickets for some live events also are available in the secondary market, in which individuals who purchased tickets in the primary market can resell their tickets instead of using them. Individuals selling tickets in the secondary market can include consumers who cannot or no longer wish to attend the event, as well as ticket brokers who purchase tickets in the primary market with the intention of reselling them in the secondary market for a profit. Although tickets in the primary market are often priced to maximize revenue based on supply and anticipated demand, tickets for some events are purposefully set below the market-clearing price, allowing individuals to resell them with a significant markup. For some events, ticketers might provide the ticket price, without fees and taxes, at the beginning of the transaction and in advertisements, noting that fees and taxes may apply. These ticketers may have a competitive advantage if they are perceived to offer tickets at a lower price than a competitor providing the total ticket price, including fees (i.e., all-in pricing). The federal government has taken action related to tickets for live events. The Better Online Ticket Sales Act of 2016 (BOTS Act; P.L. 114-274) prohibits individuals from circumventing a ticketer's system to purchase more tickets than permitted by the ticketer. The BOTS Act is enforced by state attorneys general and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). In 2021, the FTC brought its first cases against three ticket brokers for violating the act. On June 15, 2023, President Biden met with several ticketers, including Live Nation Entertainment and SeatGeek; those that did not provide all-in pricing at the time of that meeting made voluntary commitments to do so. On March 31, 2025, President Trump issued an executive order directing the FTC to "rigorously enforce the [BOTS] Act" and instructing other agencies to enforce laws that affect ticketing services. Federal agencies enforce legislation that is applicable to various industries including event ticketing. For example, the FTC protects consumers by prohibiting "unfair or deceptive acts or practices in or affecting commerce" for certain sectors, and the FTC and the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice (DOJ) enforce antitrust laws. The FTC has taken action against ticketers for engaging in deceptive tactics and issued a trade regulation rule on December 17, 2024, which "specifies that it is an unfair and deceptive practice for businesses to offer, display, or advertise any price of live-event tickets or short-term lodging without clearly, conspicuously, and prominently disclosing the total price." Some of the bills introduced in the 118th and 119th Congresses include the following provisions: (1) require all-in pricing; (2) implement requirements related to the supply chain; and (3) implement requirements for tickets, such as prohibiting the sale of speculative tickets (i.e., tickets that the seller has not purchased or obtained), prohibiting the sale of nontransferable tickets, and requiring ticketers to provide a full refund for a cancelled or postponed event. In the 119th Congress, the Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee and the House Energy and Commerce Committee have both voted to order the Transparency in Charges for Key Events Ticketing (TICKET) Act to be reported to the full Senate and House.

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is the nutritional cornerstone of the nation’s safety net, providing monthly benefits to help millions of Americans purchase food. The maximum SNAP benefit varies with family size and is based on the Thrifty Food Plan (TFP), the lowest-cost of the four food plans developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture that describe the cost of a healthy diet. Following the passage of the 2018 Farm Bill, the TFP is slated to be reevaluated every five years. Before the 2021 reevaluation, updates to the TFP were designed to be cost-neutral after adjusting for inflation. The 2021 reevaluation was based on current dietary guidance, consumption patterns, food composition data, and current food prices, without requiring cost neutrality, resulting in a cost that was 21% percent higher than if it had been based on the previous TFP when adjusted for inflation. In this research, the team examine the state-level antipoverty effect of the reevaluation of the TFP), s in the absence of other temporary enhancements to the SNAP program, specifically emergency allotments, as well as the temporary expansion to the child tax credit. As Congress and the current administration consider rolling back the update to the TFP, it is important to understand how SNAP benefits, without the influence of other pandemic-era aid, reduce poverty at the state level. Higher SNAP benefits from the reevaluated TFP reduced the number of people living in poverty by 13.5% in the District of Columbia and 7 to 8 percent across Alabama, Louisiana, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio,, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, and West Virginia. Poverty fell in all states, with the smallest estimated reduction (2.1 percent) in Vermont. The antipoverty effects were particularly pronounced for children, with the District of Columbia seeing a 34.8% reduction in the number of children in poverty and 13 states experiencing reductions of 10% to 14%.

The Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) report presents a national summary of foster care and adoption data during a given fiscal year. The foster care data includes, but is not limited to, numbers entering and exiting foster care; their outcomes, ages, race/ethnicity, and associated lengths of time in care. The adoption data includes but is not limited to ages at finalization, race/ethnicity of those adopted, as well as lengths of time to important milestones in the adoption process. Key findings include that between Fiscal Year 2021 and Fiscal Year 2022 the number of children in foster care decreased from 391,641 to 368,530. The number of children who exited foster care decreased from 214,542 to 201,372; and the number of children awaiting adoption decreased from 113,754 to 108,877. Lastly, 18% of children spent between 1- 5 months or 6-11 months in care before reaching permanency.

Major depression is a common and treatable mood disorder characterized by changes in cognitive and physical symptoms lasting for at least 2 weeks. Depression carries a high economic burden and is a leading cause of disability. Depression prevalence differs by age, sex, and income. This report presents the most recent depression prevalence estimates in adolescents and adults age 12 and older, based on the August 2021–August 2023 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Depression symptoms are measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire. Key findings include that during August 2021–August 2023, depression prevalence in the past 2 weeks was 13.1% in adolescents and adults age 12 and older and decreased with increasing age overall and in females and males. Depression prevalence decreased with increasing family income overall and in females and males. From 2013–2014 to August 2021–August 2023, depression prevalence in adolescents and adults increased overall and in females and males. Among adolescents and adults with depression, 87.9% reported at least some difficulty with work, home, or social activities due to their depression symptoms. Among adolescents and adults with depression, a higher percentage of females (43.0%) than males (33.2%) reported receiving counseling or therapy in the past 12 months.